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如何判断定语从句?有例句

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如何判断定语从句?有例句
The change separated populations of insects now living along opposite shore,completely cutting off gene flow between them.
求大神分析这句话里哪些是句子主干,哪些是定语从句?后面为什么要用cutting off 而不是 cut off?
主语:the change
谓语动词:separate
宾语:populations of insects
主干:The change separated populations of insects
定语从句:living along opposite shore
状语:completely cutting off gene flow between them (此处用法是现在分词做状语,动词cut不可做状语)