动词+副词 构成的动词短语

动词+副词 构成的动词短语
那些相当于不及物动词的动词短语 跟宾语时 是不是和不及物动词一样 先加介词再加宾语?

动词+副词（Verb + adverb）
　　这类短语动词,有的相当于一个及物动词.例如：--to turn up the radio (把收音机开大)；
　　--to turn up the soil (把地翻起)；
　　--to take up water (吸水)；
　　--to take up a new tool (拿起新工具)；
　　--to take up this question (谈到这个问题)；
　　--to take up space (占据空间).--She was extremely lucky:when her great-uncle died,she came into[继承(遗产)] a fortune.--I hope I shall be able to clean off(把…清除掉) these black marks.--They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.
　　(他们离得那么远,我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚.) --Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.必须注意,本组短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态.例如：--Trains stop here in order that passengers are picked up only.
　　另外,这类短语动词相当于及物动词时,若宾语为名词,一般既可放在短语动词之后,也可放在动词和副词之间.若短语动词的直接宾语为代词,则位于动词与副词之间.例如：--to give it (指 heat) out 放出它(热量)；to keep them (指 the molecules) apart 使它们(分子)保持分离但是某些表示及物的短语动词却具有自己的固定模式：不允许随便将副词放在宾语之后(除非是宾语为代词)；有时有的不容许随便将副词放在宾语之前.例如：
　　--They had given up hope.此句不能变为：--They had given hope up.--Get that parcel off right away!(寄出) 此句因为歧义的缘故不能把副词off放在宾语之前.及物短语动词get…off与动词get后面跟介词off意思不同.例如：--Get off that stool -it's just been painted!--Get off that parcel right away!--I switched the light on and off.--I switched on and off the light.
　　--Crying my eyes out.--I was laughing my head off.--Sobbing my head out.这个句子不能变为：--crying out my eyes.--I was laughing off my head.--sobbing out my heart.
　　这种短语动词的固定现象往往出现在短语动词与宾语之间,具有牢固的习语关系,此时意思同时从字面意义转向比喻意义.短语动词在这些夸张语中成了固定的习惯用法.此上这几种情况必须要加以注意.从例句可以看出短语动词与动词和副词结构具有不同的意义,因此我们必须加以区分.一般可用以下的
　　三个标准.1）短语动词无法孤立地根据动词和副词的意义预测结合后的意义.例如：--catch on (理解),give in (投降),blow up (爆炸)
　　但在动词和副词的自由组合中,动词作正常的不及物动词,而副词则有自己的意义.例如：--He walked past.(= past the object/place) --I waded across.(= across the river/water/etc.)
　　past,across 是副词,它们的作用等于一个方向介词短语.动词和副词在意义上可以分开,因为可以换词：例句中的waded across 中的wade,我们可以用walk,run,swim,jump,fly等来替换；而across,我们则可用in,through,over,up,down等来替换.
　　2）在动词和副词的自由组合中,经常可以在副词和动词之间加上一个修饰性副词right(有时可用
　　straight,例如：--Go right / straight on.--Walk straight in.--Drink right in.而插入语在不同程度上,对短语动词来说,却是不可接受的.例如不能说：--The prisoner broke right down.--She turned right up at last.3）可以将副词放在动词的前面,同时将主语-动词倒装(主语为代词则不能倒装)：--Out came the sun.--Up you come.--On we drove into the night.但短语动词却不能这样,不能说：--Up blew the sun.--Up it blew.这类动词有的相当于一个不及物动词.例如：--to flow off 流走；流下；
　　--to come round 苏醒；
　　--to look up 抬头看；兴旺；
　　--to ring off 挂断电话 --The picnic came off (举行) at last after being twice postponed.--Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down (出故障)?--It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.(去世).--Their plans for a big party fell through (完全失败).