作业帮直接引语，间接引语定义及例句
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：拍题作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/21 21:05:23
解题思路： 引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。
解题过程：
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语的运用贯穿了整个高中教材，具有很强的交际功能，常与动词的时态和语态结合起来考查。
直接引语就是一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分必须放在引号中，其位置常放在句尾或句首。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分不必用引号，一般用宾语从句表达。
下面从如何把直接引语转化为间接引语方面来谈谈其用法和需要注意的问题。
（一）需要注意的几种变化
1. 人称的变化 直接引语中的人称要根据间接引语中的主语来做适当的变化。
a）She said, “I like singing English songs very much.” 她说：“我非常喜欢唱英文歌曲。”
→She said (that) she liked singing English songs very much. 她说她非常喜欢唱英文歌。
b）He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书忘在你的房间了。”
→He told me (that) he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我的房间了。
2. 时态的变化
在间接引语中，如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
直接引语
间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this →that
these→those
now → then
today → that day
next week → the next week
last month → the month before
yesterday → the day before
tomorrow → the next(following) day
two days ago → two days before
here → there
this place →that place
come →go
bring → take
（二）直接引语改为间接引语的运用
在下列各句的转变过程中，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），谓语动词用said或say。
1）She often says, “China is great.” → She often says (that) China is great.
2）The teacher said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.”
→The teacher said he would give us an exam the next day.
2. 感叹句
直接引语如果是感叹句，变为间接引语时，改为宾语从句且感叹号变成句号。
3）“How interesting the story is!”the boy says.
→The boy remarks with admiration (that) the story is interesting.
3. 祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，如果是带please的祈使句，则用ask sb. to do sth.结构；如果是表示命令的祈使句，则用tell / order sb. to do sth.结构；如果祈使句为否定式，则要用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.结构。
4）The mother said to her son, “Please close the door.”
→The mother asked her son to close the door.
5）The teacher said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys and girls.”
→The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise.
6）He said to me, “Bring your dictionary here.”
→He told me to take my dictionary there.
4. 一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。
7）She said, “Are you interested in English?”
→She asked me if / whether I was interested in English.
8）Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?”
→Jack asked (me) whether / if I had seen Wei Fang the night before.
5. 特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序。
9）He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?”
→He asked me where I had bought the pen.
10）She said to Li Ping, “When will you fly to Hangzhou?”
→She asked Li Ping when he would fly to Hangzhou.
6. 选择疑问句
直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用if / whether … or …结构。
11）Andrews said, “Will you go shopping or play basketball this afternoon?”
→Andrews asked me if / whether I would go shopping or play basketball this afternoon.
7. 反意疑问句
直接引语如果是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用whether … or not结构，不能用if … or not结构。
12）“You are doing your homework, aren’t you?”she said to me.
→She asked me whether I was doing my homework or not.
（三）直接引语变为间接引语时需注意的几个问题
1. 陈述句中的直接引语若为劝告用语时，常变为advise sb. (not) to do sth.形式。
13） “You should go back home at once.” he said to me.
→He advised me to go back home at once.
14）My wife said, “You’d better not smoke.”
→My wife advised me not to smoke.
2. 当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。
15）The physics teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The physics teacher said (that) light travels much faster than sound.
3. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果动作发生的时间还没有过去，则时间状语可不变；如果直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，改为间接引语后保持原来的一般过去时态；如果动作发生的地点没变，则地点状语可不变。
16）The headmaster said, “We’ll hold a meeting tonight.”
→The headmaster said (that) we / they would hold a meeting tonight.
17）The girl said, “My brother joined the army in 2003.”
→The girl said (that) her brother joined the army in 2003.
18）The guests said, “We’ll have supper here.”
→The guests said they would have supper here.
4. 直接引语为虚拟语气时，则保持原来的时态不变。
19）My father said, “It is time that we had lunch.”
→My father said it was time that we had lunch.
解题过程：
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语的运用贯穿了整个高中教材，具有很强的交际功能，常与动词的时态和语态结合起来考查。
直接引语就是一字不改地引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分必须放在引号中，其位置常放在句尾或句首。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分不必用引号，一般用宾语从句表达。
下面从如何把直接引语转化为间接引语方面来谈谈其用法和需要注意的问题。
（一）需要注意的几种变化
1. 人称的变化 直接引语中的人称要根据间接引语中的主语来做适当的变化。
a）She said, “I like singing English songs very much.” 她说：“我非常喜欢唱英文歌曲。”
→She said (that) she liked singing English songs very much. 她说她非常喜欢唱英文歌。
b）He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书忘在你的房间了。”
→He told me (that) he had left his book in my room. 他告诉我他把书忘在我的房间了。
2. 时态的变化
在间接引语中，如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
直接引语
间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在进行时
过去进行时
现在完成时
过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
指示代词
时间状语
地点状语
动词
this →that
these→those
now → then
today → that day
next week → the next week
last month → the month before
yesterday → the day before
tomorrow → the next(following) day
two days ago → two days before
here → there
this place →that place
come →go
bring → take
（二）直接引语改为间接引语的运用
在下列各句的转变过程中，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），谓语动词用said或say。
1）She often says, “China is great.” → She often says (that) China is great.
2）The teacher said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.”
→The teacher said he would give us an exam the next day.
2. 感叹句
直接引语如果是感叹句，变为间接引语时，改为宾语从句且感叹号变成句号。
3）“How interesting the story is!”the boy says.
→The boy remarks with admiration (that) the story is interesting.
3. 祈使句 转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，如果是带please的祈使句，则用ask sb. to do sth.结构；如果是表示命令的祈使句，则用tell / order sb. to do sth.结构；如果祈使句为否定式，则要用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth.结构。
4）The mother said to her son, “Please close the door.”
→The mother asked her son to close the door.
5）The teacher said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys and girls.”
→The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise.
6）He said to me, “Bring your dictionary here.”
→He told me to take my dictionary there.
4. 一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if来引导，宾语从句用陈述句语序。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语如me, him或us等。
7）She said, “Are you interested in English?”
→She asked me if / whether I was interested in English.
8）Jack said, “Did you see Wei Fang last night?”
→Jack asked (me) whether / if I had seen Wei Fang the night before.
5. 特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序。
9）He asked me, “Where have you bought the pen?”
→He asked me where I had bought the pen.
10）She said to Li Ping, “When will you fly to Hangzhou?”
→She asked Li Ping when he would fly to Hangzhou.
6. 选择疑问句
直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用if / whether … or …结构。
11）Andrews said, “Will you go shopping or play basketball this afternoon?”
→Andrews asked me if / whether I would go shopping or play basketball this afternoon.
7. 反意疑问句
直接引语如果是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，宾语从句要用whether … or not结构，不能用if … or not结构。
12）“You are doing your homework, aren’t you?”she said to me.
→She asked me whether I was doing my homework or not.
（三）直接引语变为间接引语时需注意的几个问题
1. 陈述句中的直接引语若为劝告用语时，常变为advise sb. (not) to do sth.形式。
13） “You should go back home at once.” he said to me.
→He advised me to go back home at once.
14）My wife said, “You’d better not smoke.”
→My wife advised me not to smoke.
2. 当直接引语表示客观真理时，原来的时态不变。
15）The physics teacher said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→The physics teacher said (that) light travels much faster than sound.
3. 直接引语变为间接引语时，如果动作发生的时间还没有过去，则时间状语可不变；如果直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语时，改为间接引语后保持原来的一般过去时态；如果动作发生的地点没变，则地点状语可不变。
16）The headmaster said, “We’ll hold a meeting tonight.”
→The headmaster said (that) we / they would hold a meeting tonight.
17）The girl said, “My brother joined the army in 2003.”
→The girl said (that) her brother joined the army in 2003.
18）The guests said, “We’ll have supper here.”
→The guests said they would have supper here.
4. 直接引语为虚拟语气时，则保持原来的时态不变。
19）My father said, “It is time that we had lunch.”
→My father said it was time that we had lunch.