英语翻译You know that a database is a collection of logically re

英语翻译
You know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieval needs of organizations and individuals.There’s noting new about databases-early ones were chiseled in stone,penned on scrolls,and written on index cards.But now databases ate commonly recorded on magnetizable media,and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieval operations.
You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases.The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating,assessing,and maintaining database records is called a database management system (DBMS).The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database,(These users may be applications programmers,managers and others with information needs,and various OS programs.)
A DBMS can organize,process,and present selected data elements from thedatabase.This capability enables decision makers to search,probe,and query database contents in order to extract answers to nonrecurring and unplanned questions that aren’t available in regular reports.These questions might initially be vague and/or poorly defined,bur people can “browse” through the database until they have the needed information.In short,the DBMS will “manage” the stored data items and assemble the needed items from the common database in response to the queries of those who aren’t programmers.In a file-oriented system,users needing special information may communicate their needs to a programmer,who ,when time permits,well write one or more programs to extract the data and prepare the information.The availability of a DBMS,however,offers users a much faster alternative communications path.
The management information system (MIS) concept has been defined in dozens of ways.Since one organization’s model of an MIS is likely to differ from that of another,it’s not surprising that their MIS definitions would also vary in scope and breadth.For our purposes,an MIS van be defined as a network of computer-based data processing procedures developed in an organization and integrated as necessary with manual an other procedures for the purpose of providing timely and effective information to support decision making and other necessary management functions.
In addition to what might be termed the horizontal management structure an organization is also divided verticallyintodifferent specialties and functions which require separate information flows.Combining the horizontal managerial levels with the vertical specialties produces the complex organizational structure.Underlying this structure is a database consisting,ideally,of internally and eternally produced data relating to past,present,and predicted future events.
最好不是机译

您知道, 数据库是也许被构造以各种各样的方式适应组织和个体多处理和检索需要逻辑上相关数据元素的一件收藏品.有注意新关于一个被凿在石头的数据库及早, 写作在纸卷, 和写在索引卡片.但数据库现在吃了共同地记录在可磁化的媒介, 并且计算机程序必需进行必要的存贮和检索操作.您将看见在以下页, 复杂数据关系和联结也许被发现总计仅最简单的数据库.处理难题的系统软件包裹联系了创造, 估计, 和维护的数据库纪录叫数据库管理系统(DBMS) .节目在DBMS 包裹建立一个接口在数据库之间和数据库的用户, (这些用户也许是应用程序员, 经理和其他人以信息需求, 和各种各样的OS 节目.) DBMS 可能组织, 处理, 并且提出选择了数据元素从thedatabase .这能力使作决策者搜寻, 探查, 和询问数据库内容为了提取答复对不是可利用的在规则报告的非循环和无计划的问题.这些问题也许最初地是隐晦的并且/或者穷地定义, bur 人罐头"浏览" 通过数据库直到他们有需要的信息.简而言之, DBMS 意志"处理" 被存放的数据项和装配需要的项目从共同的数据库以回应那些询问不是程序员.在一个file-oriented 系统, 用户需要特别信息也许通信他们的需要程序员, 当时间允许, 好写一个或更多节目提取数据和准备信息.DBMS 的可及性, 然而, 提供用户一条更加快速的供选择的通信通道.管理信息系统(MIS) 概念被定义了用许多方式.因为MIS 的一个组织的模型可能与那另不同, 它不是惊奇, 他们的MIS 定义并且会变化在范围和广度.为我们的目的, MIS 搬运车当有必要被定义作为计算机为主的数据处理规程网络被开发在组织和集成与指南其它规程为提供实时性和有效的信息的目的支持政策制定和其它必要的管理作用.除什么也许被命名水平的管理结构组织之外是要求分开的信息流并且的分开的verticallyintodifferent 专业和作用.结合水平的管理水平与垂直的专业导致复杂组织结构.部下这个结构是数据库包括, 理想地, 内部和永恒地导致的数据与过去相关, 礼物, 和被预言的未来事件.