请老师详细讲解，指出里面的知识点

1. The Vikings are generally considered ____ the first Europeans to reach America.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
4. Before speaking, Mr Smith made himself known to us by introducing himself.
A. understood B. heard C. seen D. known
9. On Christmas Eve the city looked even more beautiful, ____.
A. with all the lights to turn on B. with all the lights turning on
C. with all the lights having turned on D. with all the lights on
10.At the meeting, the headmaster suggested the teacher receive___education in order to catch up with ____ development.
A. farther; the late B. farther; up-to-date
C. further; the late D. further; the up-to-date 请老师详细讲解，指出里面的知识点

解题思路： 如下
解题过程：
1. The Vikings are generally considered ____ the first Europeans to reach America.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
答案为B，考查consider用法，当考虑讲接doing，当认为讲接sb. to be/to have done
当认为讲，consider接不定式首选AB。 to have done强调不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，即第一个到达美洲这事发生在先。The book is considered to have been translated into many languages.（被翻译发生在consider之前）
the first to do sth.第一个做某事的人。
4. Before speaking, Mr Smith made himself known to us by introducing himself.
A. understood B. heard C. seen D. known
答案为D，考查make oneself +过去分词表示使某人自己被....
.A，被别人理解，B.被别人听见，C表示被别人看见 D表示被别人所知，
9. On Christmas Eve the city looked even more beautiful, ____.
A. with all the lights to turn on B. with all the lights turning on
C. with all the lights having turned on D. with all the lights on
答案为D，考查with复合结构 如果用turn on则应用过去分词表示灯被打开，
with all the lights on，on为副词作宾语补足语，on为灯亮着，自来水开着等。
圣诞前夕，所有灯都亮着，城市看起来更美丽。
10.At the meeting, the headmaster suggested the teacher receive___education in order to catch up with ____ development.
A. farther; the late B. farther; up-to-date
C. further; the late D. further; the up-to-date
答案为D，考查固定用法，表示深造：为程度故用further，而farther表示距离
第二空，表示最新发展用 the up-to-date。 C,late表示晚的，迟的，最新的用the latest。如the latest news最新消息。
同学你好，如有疑问请添加讨论。祝你学习进步。
最终答案：略