作业帮用英语介绍美国 要有中文翻译
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用英语介绍美国 要有中文翻译
概况
美利坚合众国地处北美洲中部,东临大西洋,西滨
太平洋,北接加拿大,南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾.所属阿
拉斯加州位于北美洲西北部,夏威夷州位于中太平洋北
部.总面积9 3 7 2 6 1 4 平方千米.海岸线长2 2
6 8 0 千米.
原为印第安人聚居地.1 5 世纪末西班牙、荷兰、
法国、英国等相继移民至此.1 8 世纪前,英国在北美
大西洋沿岸建立了1 3 个殖民地.1 7 7 5 年,爆发了
反对英国殖民统治的独立战争.1 7 7 6 年7 月4 日殖
民地人民发表“独立宣言”,宣布成立美利坚合众国.
1 7 8 3 年独立战争结束,英国承认1 3 个殖民地独立
.1 7 8 7 年通过美国宪法,成立联邦共和国.1 8 0
3 年从法国购得路易斯安那（位于美国中部的广大地区
）,1 8 1 9 年从西班牙购得佛罗里达,1 8 4 5 年侵
占墨西哥的得克萨斯.1 8 4 8 年对墨西哥战争结束后
,得到了新墨西哥、亚利桑那、加利福尼亚等地.1 8
5 3 年又从墨西哥夺取了位于今亚利桑那州南部和新墨
西哥州西南部的一块土地.1 8 6 7 年向沙俄购买了阿
拉斯加和阿留申群岛.1 8 9 8 年吞并了夏威夷.这些
地方后来先后申请加入了联邦,形成现在拥有5 0 个州
的美国.1 9 7 9 年1 月1 日同我国建交.
居民
2 6 1 7 0 万,大部分是欧洲移民的后代,还有黑
人（约占全国人口1 2 ％）、印第安人、墨西哥族人、
波多黎各人、中国血统美国籍人和华侨等.美国黑人是
3 0 0 多年前被欧洲殖民主义者从非洲贩运到美洲大陆
来的非洲黑人奴隶的后裔,半个世纪前8 0 ％集中在南
部的1 2 个州,目前大部分黑人居住在纽约、芝加哥、
洛杉矾、费城、底特律、华盛顿等城市中.印第安人是
美洲最早的居民,有一半人被迫住在“印第安人保留地
”.墨西哥族人主要聚居在西部和西南部的加利福尼亚
、亚利桑那、新墨西哥、科罗拉多和得克萨斯等州.波
多黎各人主要集中在纽约、芝加哥等城市.美国的宗教
信仰者占总人口的8 5 ％,主要信奉基督教新教、天主
教等,通用英语.
自然环境
本土地势东西高,中央低,主要山脉为南北走向.
东部是阿巴拉契亚山脉构成的古老山地及大西洋沿岸平
原；西部是科迪勒拉山系构成的广大高原和山地,包括
东侧落基山脉、西侧内华达山脉和海岸山岭,以及两山
之间的内陆高原和大盆地.全国最高峰为阿拉斯加的麦
金利峰,海拔6 1 9 3 米.高原西南部的死谷低于海平
面8 5 米,是美洲大陆最低点；中部大平原,地势低平
,土壤肥沃,是美国最重要的农业地区,平原西部是著
名的大草原.密西西比河以密苏里河为源全长6 2 6 2
千米,是世界第四长河,向南流经整个平原注入墨西哥
湾.东北部的五大湖,是世界最大的淡水湖群,苏必利
尔湖面积8 2 4 0 0 平方千米,是世界最大的淡水湖.
伊利湖和安大略湖之间,有著名的尼亚加拉瀑布,位于
中部的大盐湖是北美洲面积最大、盐分最高的咸水湖.
东北部沿海和五大湖区属大陆性温带阔叶林气候,因受
拉布拉多寒流和南下冷空气影响,冬季较冷,夏季较温
和,多雨雪,年平均降水量1 0 0 0 毫米左右；东南部
和墨西哥湾沿岸属亚热带森林气候,受墨西哥湾暖流影
响,温暖湿润,年平均降水量2 0 0 0 毫米以上；中部
平原,寒暖气流均可长驱直入,夏季炎热,冬季寒冷多
雪；西部内陆高原冬季干燥寒冷,夏季干燥炎热,年平
均降水量5 0 0 毫米以下；西部太平洋沿岸的南段属亚
热带地中海式气候,北段属海洋性温带阔叶林气候.
自然资源
自然资源丰富.煤、石油、天然气、铁矿石、钾盐
、磷酸盐、硫磺等矿物储量均居世界前列,其它矿物有
铝、铜、铅、锌、钨、钼、铀、铋等.煤总储量3 6 0
0 0 亿吨,原油储量2 7 0 亿桶,天然气储量5 6 0 0
0 亿立方米.阿巴拉契亚山脉蕴藏有丰富的煤、铁和有
色金属,石油和天然气主要分布在中部大平原.森林面
积2 0 5 万平方千米.草地与山地牧场占全国总面积的
2 8 ％,水力蕴藏量约1 3 0 0 0 万千瓦.运转中的核
反应堆有1 1 0 多座.
经济概况
世界经济大国.经济高度发达,工农业生产门类齐
全,集约化程度高,国民生产总值位居世界首位.1 9
9 3 年国民生产总值6 4 0 0 多亿美元,工业有动力（
包括石油、天然气、采煤、电力）、钢铁、有色冶金、
机械制造（包括航空火箭、汽车、造船、电力机械）、
原子、化学、纺织、军火等部门.1 9 9 2 年主要工业
品产量：原油2 6 亿桶,煤1 0 亿吨,总发电量2 7 8
0 0 多亿度,钢9 3 0 0 多万吨,汽车1 0 0 0 多万辆
,小汽车比重量大.年产硫酸近4 0 0 0 万吨,水泥6
0 0 0 万吨,纸和纸板产6 0 0 0 万吨.美国的工业分
布大致可分为三个区：一、东北部工业区,位于密西西
比河以东,俄亥俄河和波托马克河以北.该区在国民经
济中占主导地位.以加工业为主,有冶金、机械制造、
化学、纺织等工业部门.二、南部工业区,以采矿业为
主,加工工业各部门有所发展,其中石油、化学、造船
、军事工业在全国经济中占主要地位.三、西部工业区
,工业部门比较单一,航空火箭、电子工业、原子工业
等发展很快.西部山地为矿产区.
美国的农业主要为大型农场经营,农业高度发达,
机械化程度很高,主要有畜牧业和耕作业两大部分,畜
牧业以养牛为主,养猪及家禽次之,有牛约一亿多头、
猪5 0 0 O 多万头.农作物以玉米、小麦、大豆、棉花
为重要,其次为烟草、马铃薯、燕麦、稻子、柑橘、甜
菜等,粮食总产量约占世界总产量的l ／5 ,农产品
外汇收入为美同外汇收入最大的项目之一.小麦、玉米
、大豆等的产量长居世界前列.
美国是世界上进出口贸易额最大的国家,主要外贸
对象为加拿人、日本、德国、英国、墨西哥等,主要出
口化学制品、机械、车辆、飞机、电子计算机、武器等
.还大量倾销大豆、小麦、谷类、棉花等.主要进口汽
车、电子器材、机械、钢材、纺织品以及天然橡胶、铂
、锡、铬、锰、锑、镍、锌、铜、铝、铅、钨、石油等
.
美国的货物运输以铁路为主,铁路全长3 1 . 8 万
多千米,其中电气化铁路3 0 9 0 千米.连接大西洋和
太平洋沿岸各大城市、横贯全国的铁路为主要干线.铁
路货运量约占全国货运总量2 ／5 .全国内河通航里程
为4 1 0 0 0 多千米.国内水运的货运量占全国货运量
1 5 ％以上,以五大湖最盛,约占国内水运的3 ％,其
它主要水道为密西西比河、伊利运河等.自2 0 世纪以
来,管道成为重要的运输工具,主要运输石油、天然气
,近十几年来还运输煤,管道运输约占全国货运量的1
／5 .美国的客运以公路为主,占全部客运量的4 ／5
以上,全国有公路约6 3 0 万千米,以五大湖区的南部
和大西洋沿岸最稠密,西部广大地区公路较少.航空以
客运为主,有航空线联系全国各大城市.海运发达,有
1 0 0 0 总吨以上远洋商船近8 0 0 艘,计2 4 0 0 万
重量吨.油轮2 7 0 多艘,计1 6 0 0 万总载重吨位.
主要海港为大西洋沿岸的纽约、诺福克、巴尔的摩、波
特兰、波士顿、费城、杰克逊维尔,墨西哥湾沿岸的新
奥尔良、休斯敦、阿瑟港,太平洋沿岸的圣弗兰西斯科
（旧金山）、洛杉矾、西雅图等.
重要城市
华盛顿,首都,人口6 3 万多.1 7 9 1 年建市,
为纪念美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿而命名.是全国的
政治中心.全市只有印刷和少数食品工业.纽约：美国
第一大城市,人口7 3 5 万.是世界最大城市之一和最
大海港.全国的交通枢纽和工业、金融业中心.对外贸
易额占全国的1 7 ％左右.市区周围有6 0 多座卫星城
.哈莱姆区是黑人聚居区,联合国总部在市中心区.金
融、商业的中心在华尔街.芝加哥：美国第二大城市,
人口3 0 0 万.芝加哥是全国的铁路枢纽,有3 2 条干
线交汇于此.广大腹地农牧业发达,盛产煤和石油,是
全国的谷物、牲畜市场和中西部的商业、金融和工业中
心.肉类加工和黑色冶金居全国首位.1 8 8 6 年5 月
1 日芝加哥等地几十万美国工人举行了声势浩大的反对
资产阶级剥削和压榨、争取自身权利的英勇斗争.“五
一”国际劳动节即起源于此.洛杉矾：美国太平洋沿岸
第一大城.人口为3 4 0 万,其中墨西哥族人约1 0 0
万,也是黑人集中的城市之一.为西部地区工商业城市
和重要海港.有飞机制造等工业.郊区的好莱坞是美国
电影业中心.费城（费拉德尔非亚）：人口1 6 9 万.
美国宣布独立时曾为临时首都.是重要铁路枢纽.底特
律：人口1 2 0 万人.美国最大的汽车制造业中心.钢
铁、飞机及仪器制造工业发达.圣弗兰西斯科（旧金山
）：太平洋沿岸第二大城市.人口7 5 万.西部金融中
心,美国对远东贸易的要港.工业发达,常有地震.休
斯敦：人口1 7 3 万,美国南方重要海港,是石油加工
和石油化学工业中心,钢铁、食品加工工业也很发达.
波士顿：人口5 6 万.东北海岸的大城市和海港.纺织
工业中心,机械制造、五金、食品加工工业也很发达.
波市城西的剑桥有著名的哈佛大学.迈阿密：人口3 5
万.美国最南的大城市、港口和游览中心.
其它
重要节日：国庆日7 月4 日.感恩节1 1 月.
与我国建交日：1 9 7 9 年1 月1 日.
货币：美元.
时差：全国分四个时区,每时区相差1 小时.纽约
比格林尼治时间晚5 小时；比北京时间晚1 3 个小时.
洛杉矶比格林尼治时间晚8 小时；比北京时间晚1 6 小
时.
国花：玫瑰.
国鸟：白头鹰.
国徽格言：合众为一.
国名释义：英语中美国和亚美利加为同一词.
誉称：民族熔炉（几乎容纳了全世界各民族的人）
Overview
North America United States of America is located in the middle of the east Atlantic, West Coast
Pacific, north of Canada, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico south. Arab-owned
Nebraska is located in the north-western North America, Hawaii is located in the North Pacific
Department. The total area of 9,372,614 sq km. A coastline of 2 2
6 8 0 km.
The original habitat for the Indians. 1 5 end of the century Spain, the Netherlands,
France, Britain and other immigrants have this. 1 8 centuries ago, the British in North America
Atlantic coast of the establishment of three colonies 1. In 1775, an outbreak of
Against British colonial rule in the War of Independence. July 4, 1776 yield
People to the people of the "Declaration of Independence", announced the establishment of the United States of America.
1783 War of Independence ended, the United Kingdom recognize the independence of a colony 1 3
. In 1787 through the United States Constitution, the establishment of the Federal Republic. 1 8 0
3 years bought Louisiana from France (in the United States, large areas of central
), In 1819 purchased Florida from Spain, in 1845 invasion
Texas accounted for Mexico. In 1848 after the end of the war against Mexico
Has been New Mexico, Arizona, California and other places. 1 8
5 3 years from Mexico to win at this southern Arizona and New Mexico
Southwestern Mexico state land. In 1867 to Russia to buy the Arab-Israeli
拉斯加and the Aleutian Islands. 1898 annexation of Hawaii. These
Place later applied to join the Federation has formed now has fifty states
The United States. 1 January, 1979 the establishment of diplomatic relations with China.
Residents
26,170 million, mostly the descendants of European immigrants, as well as black
People (about the country's population 1 2%), Indian, Mexican people,
Puerto Ricans, U.S. citizens of Chinese descent and other people and overseas Chinese. African-American is
Three hundred years ago by the European colonialists trafficking from Africa to the American continent
To the descendants of black slaves in Africa, half a century ago 8 0% concentrated in the South
1 2 Department of State, at present the majority of blacks living in New York, Chicago,
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington and other cities. Indians is
The earliest inhabitants of the Americas, half are forced to live in "Indian Reservation
. "Mainly people of Mexico live in the west and southwest of the California
, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Texas and other states. Wave
Rico everyone focused on New York, Chicago and other cities. U.S. religious
Believers of the total population of 8 5%, mainly Protestant Christian, God
Services such as General English.
The natural environment
What local high terrain, the central low mountain ranges as the main north-south orientation.
Constitutes the eastern part of the ancient Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coast mountain-ping
Original; the western region is composed of the majority of the Cordillera Mountains and mountain plateau, including
The east of the Rocky Mountains, the west side of the Sierra Nevada and coastal mountains, as well as Hill
Between the inland plateau and the Great Basin. Peak for the Alaska National Mak
JIN Li-feng, an elevation of 6,193 meters. The Dead Valley the plateau south-west below the sea level
Surface 8 5 meters, is the lowest point in the American continent; the central Great Plains, the low-lying
, Soil fertility, is America's most important agricultural region, the western plains is the book
Prairies name. The Mississippi River to Missouri River for the source of a total length of 6,262
1000 meters, is the world's fourth long river, south into Mexico through the entire plain
Bay. North-east of the Great Lakes, is the world's largest group of freshwater lakes, Superior
Lake area of 82,400 sq km, is the world's largest freshwater lake.
Between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, there are the famous Niagara Falls is located in
Great Salt Lake in central North America the largest and highest salt lake salt.
North-eastern coastal and Great Lakes Area is characterized by broad-leaved forest in temperate continental climate, due to
Labrador effects of cold and cold air southward in winter cold and summer than the temperature
And, more rain and snow, the average annual rainfall 1,000 millimeters; southeastern
And the Gulf Coast is a subtropical forest climate, by the Gulf Stream Video
Sound, warm and humid, average annual precipitation 2,000 mm; Central
Plain, cold flow may be run its heating, hot summer, cold in winter and more
Snow; western inland plateau cold dry winter, dry hot summer, the annual level
Precipitation are 5 0 0 mm; the western Pacific coast of the southern section of an Asian
Tropical Mediterranean climate, the northern section of an ocean of temperate broad-leaved forest climate.
Natural Resources
Rich in natural resources. Coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, potash
, Phosphate, sulfur and other mineral reserves in the world ranking, and other minerals are
Aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, bismuth, etc.. The total coal reserves of 3 6 0
0 0 million tons of crude oil reserves of 2 7 0 million barrels and natural gas reserves of 5.6 thousand
000 million cubic meters. Appalachian Mountains are rich in coal reserves, iron and
Color metal, oil and gas are mainly distributed in the central Great Plains. Forest surface
Plot 2 0 5 million square kilometers. Grassland and mountain pastures of the total area of
2 8%, water reserves of about 13,000 kilowatts. Operation of nuclear
Reactor has more than 1 1 0.
Economic Background
World economic power. Economy is highly developed, industrial and agricultural production categories Qi
Wide, intensive high level of gross national product ranked first in the world. 1 9
9 3-year gross national product of 6,400 billion U.S. dollars, industry dynamics (
Including oil, natural gas, coal, electricity), steel, nonferrous metallurgy,
Machinery manufacturing (including air rockets, automobiles, shipbuilding, electrical machinery),
Atomic, chemical, textiles, arms and other departments. In 1992 the major industrial
Goods production: 2 6 million barrels of crude oil, coal 1 0 million tons, total capacity 2 7 8
0 0 more than one billion degrees, steel 9.3 thousand million tons, automotive more 1 0 0 0 10000
, Than the weight of large cars. Annual production capacity of sulfuric acid nearly 4,000 million tons, cement 6
0 0 0 million tons of paper and paperboard production 6,000 million tons. U.S. industrial sub -
Cloth can be broadly divided into three areas: First, the Northeast Industrial Park, located in West Caramel
River than east of the Ohio River and north of the Potomac River. Area in the National Economic
Dominant relief. Mainly in the processing industry, the metallurgy, machinery manufacture,
Chemical, textile and other industrial sectors. Second, the southern industrial zone, to the mining industry for
Lord, the processing industry has been the development of various sectors, including petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding
, The military industry in the country dominated the economy. Third, the western industrial zone
, Comparison of a single industrial sector, aviation rockets, electronics, atomic industry
Such as rapid development. The western mountain area for the mineral.
The United States, mainly for large-scale agricultural farming, agriculture is highly developed,
High degree of mechanization, animal husbandry and farming are mainly two major industry, livestock
Animal husbandry, mainly in cattle, pig and poultry followed, there are about 100 million cattle long,
5 0 0 O pig more than 10,000. Crops to corn, wheat, soybean, cotton
Important, followed by tobacco, potatoes, oats, rice, citrus, sweet
Dishes, the world's total grain output of about l / 5, Agricultural Products
Foreign exchange earnings and foreign exchange earnings for the United States and one of the largest. Wheat, corn
And soybean production, such as Nagai world.
The United States is the world's largest import and export trade, mainly foreign trade
Helenians for Canada, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Mexico and so on, mainly
I chemical products, machinery, vehicles, aircraft, computer, weapons, etc.
. Also a large number of dumping soybeans, wheat, cereals, cotton, and other. A major importer of gas
Vehicles, electronic equipment, machinery, steel, textiles and natural rubber, platinum
, Tin, chromium, manganese, antimony, nickel, zinc, copper, aluminum, lead, tungsten, oil, etc.
.
United States rail-based freight transport, railway length 3 18000
More than 1000 meters, which electrified railway 3,090 km. Connecting the Atlantic and
Major cities along the Pacific coast, cross-country as the main trunk railway. Rail
Road freight transport volume accounted for about 2 / 5. National Inland Navigation mileage
For 41,000 more km. The freight domestic shipping total cargo
1 5%, and the Great Lakes in height, about 3% of domestic water, the
It is mainly for the Mississippi River waterway, such as Erie Canal. Since the 2 0 century
Years, the pipeline has become an important means of transport, major transport oil, natural gas
, Over the last decade is also the transport of coal, pipeline transportation of cargo or about the country's 1
/ 5. The United States to road-based passenger, passenger traffic accounted for 4 / 5
Above, there are the road about 6 3 0 million meters to the south of the Great Lakes area
And the most densely populated Atlantic coast, large areas of the western road less. Air to
Passenger-oriented, there are air-line links the major cities of the country. Developed sea, there are
1 0 0 0 tonnage ocean-going merchant ships over the past eight hundred vessels, of 2,400 million
Weight tons. 2 7 0 tanker more than a total of 1.6 thousand million total dwt.
For the Atlantic coast of the main harbor of New York, Norfolk, Baltimore, wave
Atlanta, Boston, Philadelphia, Jacksonville, the new Gulf Coast
Orleans, Houston, Port Arthur, the Pacific coast of San Francisco
(San Francisco), Los Angeles, Seattle and so on.
美利坚合众国地处北美洲中部,东临大西洋,西滨
太平洋,北接加拿大,南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾.所属阿
拉斯加州位于北美洲西北部,夏威夷州位于中太平洋北
部.总面积9 3 7 2 6 1 4 平方千米.海岸线长2 2
6 8 0 千米.
原为印第安人聚居地.1 5 世纪末西班牙、荷兰、
法国、英国等相继移民至此.1 8 世纪前,英国在北美
大西洋沿岸建立了1 3 个殖民地.1 7 7 5 年,爆发了
反对英国殖民统治的独立战争.1 7 7 6 年7 月4 日殖
民地人民发表“独立宣言”,宣布成立美利坚合众国.
1 7 8 3 年独立战争结束,英国承认1 3 个殖民地独立
.1 7 8 7 年通过美国宪法,成立联邦共和国.1 8 0
3 年从法国购得路易斯安那（位于美国中部的广大地区
）,1 8 1 9 年从西班牙购得佛罗里达,1 8 4 5 年侵
占墨西哥的得克萨斯.1 8 4 8 年对墨西哥战争结束后
,得到了新墨西哥、亚利桑那、加利福尼亚等地.1 8
5 3 年又从墨西哥夺取了位于今亚利桑那州南部和新墨
西哥州西南部的一块土地.1 8 6 7 年向沙俄购买了阿
拉斯加和阿留申群岛.1 8 9 8 年吞并了夏威夷.这些
地方后来先后申请加入了联邦,形成现在拥有5 0 个州
的美国.1 9 7 9 年1 月1 日同我国建交.
居民
2 6 1 7 0 万,大部分是欧洲移民的后代,还有黑
人（约占全国人口1 2 ％）、印第安人、墨西哥族人、
波多黎各人、中国血统美国籍人和华侨等.美国黑人是
3 0 0 多年前被欧洲殖民主义者从非洲贩运到美洲大陆
来的非洲黑人奴隶的后裔,半个世纪前8 0 ％集中在南
部的1 2 个州,目前大部分黑人居住在纽约、芝加哥、
洛杉矾、费城、底特律、华盛顿等城市中.印第安人是
美洲最早的居民,有一半人被迫住在“印第安人保留地
”.墨西哥族人主要聚居在西部和西南部的加利福尼亚
、亚利桑那、新墨西哥、科罗拉多和得克萨斯等州.波
多黎各人主要集中在纽约、芝加哥等城市.美国的宗教
信仰者占总人口的8 5 ％,主要信奉基督教新教、天主
教等,通用英语.
自然环境
本土地势东西高,中央低,主要山脉为南北走向.
东部是阿巴拉契亚山脉构成的古老山地及大西洋沿岸平
原；西部是科迪勒拉山系构成的广大高原和山地,包括
东侧落基山脉、西侧内华达山脉和海岸山岭,以及两山
之间的内陆高原和大盆地.全国最高峰为阿拉斯加的麦
金利峰,海拔6 1 9 3 米.高原西南部的死谷低于海平
面8 5 米,是美洲大陆最低点；中部大平原,地势低平
,土壤肥沃,是美国最重要的农业地区,平原西部是著
名的大草原.密西西比河以密苏里河为源全长6 2 6 2
千米,是世界第四长河,向南流经整个平原注入墨西哥
湾.东北部的五大湖,是世界最大的淡水湖群,苏必利
尔湖面积8 2 4 0 0 平方千米,是世界最大的淡水湖.
伊利湖和安大略湖之间,有著名的尼亚加拉瀑布,位于
中部的大盐湖是北美洲面积最大、盐分最高的咸水湖.
东北部沿海和五大湖区属大陆性温带阔叶林气候,因受
拉布拉多寒流和南下冷空气影响,冬季较冷,夏季较温
和,多雨雪,年平均降水量1 0 0 0 毫米左右；东南部
和墨西哥湾沿岸属亚热带森林气候,受墨西哥湾暖流影
响,温暖湿润,年平均降水量2 0 0 0 毫米以上；中部
平原,寒暖气流均可长驱直入,夏季炎热,冬季寒冷多
雪；西部内陆高原冬季干燥寒冷,夏季干燥炎热,年平
均降水量5 0 0 毫米以下；西部太平洋沿岸的南段属亚
热带地中海式气候,北段属海洋性温带阔叶林气候.
自然资源
自然资源丰富.煤、石油、天然气、铁矿石、钾盐
、磷酸盐、硫磺等矿物储量均居世界前列,其它矿物有
铝、铜、铅、锌、钨、钼、铀、铋等.煤总储量3 6 0
0 0 亿吨,原油储量2 7 0 亿桶,天然气储量5 6 0 0
0 亿立方米.阿巴拉契亚山脉蕴藏有丰富的煤、铁和有
色金属,石油和天然气主要分布在中部大平原.森林面
积2 0 5 万平方千米.草地与山地牧场占全国总面积的
2 8 ％,水力蕴藏量约1 3 0 0 0 万千瓦.运转中的核
反应堆有1 1 0 多座.
经济概况
世界经济大国.经济高度发达,工农业生产门类齐
全,集约化程度高,国民生产总值位居世界首位.1 9
9 3 年国民生产总值6 4 0 0 多亿美元,工业有动力（
包括石油、天然气、采煤、电力）、钢铁、有色冶金、
机械制造（包括航空火箭、汽车、造船、电力机械）、
原子、化学、纺织、军火等部门.1 9 9 2 年主要工业
品产量：原油2 6 亿桶,煤1 0 亿吨,总发电量2 7 8
0 0 多亿度,钢9 3 0 0 多万吨,汽车1 0 0 0 多万辆
,小汽车比重量大.年产硫酸近4 0 0 0 万吨,水泥6
0 0 0 万吨,纸和纸板产6 0 0 0 万吨.美国的工业分
布大致可分为三个区：一、东北部工业区,位于密西西
比河以东,俄亥俄河和波托马克河以北.该区在国民经
济中占主导地位.以加工业为主,有冶金、机械制造、
化学、纺织等工业部门.二、南部工业区,以采矿业为
主,加工工业各部门有所发展,其中石油、化学、造船
、军事工业在全国经济中占主要地位.三、西部工业区
,工业部门比较单一,航空火箭、电子工业、原子工业
等发展很快.西部山地为矿产区.
美国的农业主要为大型农场经营,农业高度发达,
机械化程度很高,主要有畜牧业和耕作业两大部分,畜
牧业以养牛为主,养猪及家禽次之,有牛约一亿多头、
猪5 0 0 O 多万头.农作物以玉米、小麦、大豆、棉花
为重要,其次为烟草、马铃薯、燕麦、稻子、柑橘、甜
菜等,粮食总产量约占世界总产量的l ／5 ,农产品
外汇收入为美同外汇收入最大的项目之一.小麦、玉米
、大豆等的产量长居世界前列.
美国是世界上进出口贸易额最大的国家,主要外贸
对象为加拿人、日本、德国、英国、墨西哥等,主要出
口化学制品、机械、车辆、飞机、电子计算机、武器等
.还大量倾销大豆、小麦、谷类、棉花等.主要进口汽
车、电子器材、机械、钢材、纺织品以及天然橡胶、铂
、锡、铬、锰、锑、镍、锌、铜、铝、铅、钨、石油等
.
美国的货物运输以铁路为主,铁路全长3 1 . 8 万
多千米,其中电气化铁路3 0 9 0 千米.连接大西洋和
太平洋沿岸各大城市、横贯全国的铁路为主要干线.铁
路货运量约占全国货运总量2 ／5 .全国内河通航里程
为4 1 0 0 0 多千米.国内水运的货运量占全国货运量
1 5 ％以上,以五大湖最盛,约占国内水运的3 ％,其
它主要水道为密西西比河、伊利运河等.自2 0 世纪以
来,管道成为重要的运输工具,主要运输石油、天然气
,近十几年来还运输煤,管道运输约占全国货运量的1
／5 .美国的客运以公路为主,占全部客运量的4 ／5
以上,全国有公路约6 3 0 万千米,以五大湖区的南部
和大西洋沿岸最稠密,西部广大地区公路较少.航空以
客运为主,有航空线联系全国各大城市.海运发达,有
1 0 0 0 总吨以上远洋商船近8 0 0 艘,计2 4 0 0 万
重量吨.油轮2 7 0 多艘,计1 6 0 0 万总载重吨位.
主要海港为大西洋沿岸的纽约、诺福克、巴尔的摩、波
特兰、波士顿、费城、杰克逊维尔,墨西哥湾沿岸的新
奥尔良、休斯敦、阿瑟港,太平洋沿岸的圣弗兰西斯科
（旧金山）、洛杉矾、西雅图等.
重要城市
华盛顿,首都,人口6 3 万多.1 7 9 1 年建市,
为纪念美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿而命名.是全国的
政治中心.全市只有印刷和少数食品工业.纽约：美国
第一大城市,人口7 3 5 万.是世界最大城市之一和最
大海港.全国的交通枢纽和工业、金融业中心.对外贸
易额占全国的1 7 ％左右.市区周围有6 0 多座卫星城
.哈莱姆区是黑人聚居区,联合国总部在市中心区.金
融、商业的中心在华尔街.芝加哥：美国第二大城市,
人口3 0 0 万.芝加哥是全国的铁路枢纽,有3 2 条干
线交汇于此.广大腹地农牧业发达,盛产煤和石油,是
全国的谷物、牲畜市场和中西部的商业、金融和工业中
心.肉类加工和黑色冶金居全国首位.1 8 8 6 年5 月
1 日芝加哥等地几十万美国工人举行了声势浩大的反对
资产阶级剥削和压榨、争取自身权利的英勇斗争.“五
一”国际劳动节即起源于此.洛杉矾：美国太平洋沿岸
第一大城.人口为3 4 0 万,其中墨西哥族人约1 0 0
万,也是黑人集中的城市之一.为西部地区工商业城市
和重要海港.有飞机制造等工业.郊区的好莱坞是美国
电影业中心.费城（费拉德尔非亚）：人口1 6 9 万.
美国宣布独立时曾为临时首都.是重要铁路枢纽.底特
律：人口1 2 0 万人.美国最大的汽车制造业中心.钢
铁、飞机及仪器制造工业发达.圣弗兰西斯科（旧金山
）：太平洋沿岸第二大城市.人口7 5 万.西部金融中
心,美国对远东贸易的要港.工业发达,常有地震.休
斯敦：人口1 7 3 万,美国南方重要海港,是石油加工
和石油化学工业中心,钢铁、食品加工工业也很发达.
波士顿：人口5 6 万.东北海岸的大城市和海港.纺织
工业中心,机械制造、五金、食品加工工业也很发达.
波市城西的剑桥有著名的哈佛大学.迈阿密：人口3 5
万.美国最南的大城市、港口和游览中心.
其它
重要节日：国庆日7 月4 日.感恩节1 1 月.
与我国建交日：1 9 7 9 年1 月1 日.
货币：美元.
时差：全国分四个时区,每时区相差1 小时.纽约
比格林尼治时间晚5 小时；比北京时间晚1 3 个小时.
洛杉矶比格林尼治时间晚8 小时；比北京时间晚1 6 小
时.
国花：玫瑰.
国鸟：白头鹰.
国徽格言：合众为一.
国名释义：英语中美国和亚美利加为同一词.
誉称：民族熔炉（几乎容纳了全世界各民族的人）
Overview
North America United States of America is located in the middle of the east Atlantic, West Coast
Pacific, north of Canada, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico south. Arab-owned
Nebraska is located in the north-western North America, Hawaii is located in the North Pacific
Department. The total area of 9,372,614 sq km. A coastline of 2 2
6 8 0 km.
The original habitat for the Indians. 1 5 end of the century Spain, the Netherlands,
France, Britain and other immigrants have this. 1 8 centuries ago, the British in North America
Atlantic coast of the establishment of three colonies 1. In 1775, an outbreak of
Against British colonial rule in the War of Independence. July 4, 1776 yield
People to the people of the "Declaration of Independence", announced the establishment of the United States of America.
1783 War of Independence ended, the United Kingdom recognize the independence of a colony 1 3
. In 1787 through the United States Constitution, the establishment of the Federal Republic. 1 8 0
3 years bought Louisiana from France (in the United States, large areas of central
), In 1819 purchased Florida from Spain, in 1845 invasion
Texas accounted for Mexico. In 1848 after the end of the war against Mexico
Has been New Mexico, Arizona, California and other places. 1 8
5 3 years from Mexico to win at this southern Arizona and New Mexico
Southwestern Mexico state land. In 1867 to Russia to buy the Arab-Israeli
拉斯加and the Aleutian Islands. 1898 annexation of Hawaii. These
Place later applied to join the Federation has formed now has fifty states
The United States. 1 January, 1979 the establishment of diplomatic relations with China.
Residents
26,170 million, mostly the descendants of European immigrants, as well as black
People (about the country's population 1 2%), Indian, Mexican people,
Puerto Ricans, U.S. citizens of Chinese descent and other people and overseas Chinese. African-American is
Three hundred years ago by the European colonialists trafficking from Africa to the American continent
To the descendants of black slaves in Africa, half a century ago 8 0% concentrated in the South
1 2 Department of State, at present the majority of blacks living in New York, Chicago,
Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Detroit, Washington and other cities. Indians is
The earliest inhabitants of the Americas, half are forced to live in "Indian Reservation
. "Mainly people of Mexico live in the west and southwest of the California
, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Texas and other states. Wave
Rico everyone focused on New York, Chicago and other cities. U.S. religious
Believers of the total population of 8 5%, mainly Protestant Christian, God
Services such as General English.
The natural environment
What local high terrain, the central low mountain ranges as the main north-south orientation.
Constitutes the eastern part of the ancient Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic coast mountain-ping
Original; the western region is composed of the majority of the Cordillera Mountains and mountain plateau, including
The east of the Rocky Mountains, the west side of the Sierra Nevada and coastal mountains, as well as Hill
Between the inland plateau and the Great Basin. Peak for the Alaska National Mak
JIN Li-feng, an elevation of 6,193 meters. The Dead Valley the plateau south-west below the sea level
Surface 8 5 meters, is the lowest point in the American continent; the central Great Plains, the low-lying
, Soil fertility, is America's most important agricultural region, the western plains is the book
Prairies name. The Mississippi River to Missouri River for the source of a total length of 6,262
1000 meters, is the world's fourth long river, south into Mexico through the entire plain
Bay. North-east of the Great Lakes, is the world's largest group of freshwater lakes, Superior
Lake area of 82,400 sq km, is the world's largest freshwater lake.
Between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, there are the famous Niagara Falls is located in
Great Salt Lake in central North America the largest and highest salt lake salt.
North-eastern coastal and Great Lakes Area is characterized by broad-leaved forest in temperate continental climate, due to
Labrador effects of cold and cold air southward in winter cold and summer than the temperature
And, more rain and snow, the average annual rainfall 1,000 millimeters; southeastern
And the Gulf Coast is a subtropical forest climate, by the Gulf Stream Video
Sound, warm and humid, average annual precipitation 2,000 mm; Central
Plain, cold flow may be run its heating, hot summer, cold in winter and more
Snow; western inland plateau cold dry winter, dry hot summer, the annual level
Precipitation are 5 0 0 mm; the western Pacific coast of the southern section of an Asian
Tropical Mediterranean climate, the northern section of an ocean of temperate broad-leaved forest climate.
Natural Resources
Rich in natural resources. Coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, potash
, Phosphate, sulfur and other mineral reserves in the world ranking, and other minerals are
Aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, uranium, bismuth, etc.. The total coal reserves of 3 6 0
0 0 million tons of crude oil reserves of 2 7 0 million barrels and natural gas reserves of 5.6 thousand
000 million cubic meters. Appalachian Mountains are rich in coal reserves, iron and
Color metal, oil and gas are mainly distributed in the central Great Plains. Forest surface
Plot 2 0 5 million square kilometers. Grassland and mountain pastures of the total area of
2 8%, water reserves of about 13,000 kilowatts. Operation of nuclear
Reactor has more than 1 1 0.
Economic Background
World economic power. Economy is highly developed, industrial and agricultural production categories Qi
Wide, intensive high level of gross national product ranked first in the world. 1 9
9 3-year gross national product of 6,400 billion U.S. dollars, industry dynamics (
Including oil, natural gas, coal, electricity), steel, nonferrous metallurgy,
Machinery manufacturing (including air rockets, automobiles, shipbuilding, electrical machinery),
Atomic, chemical, textiles, arms and other departments. In 1992 the major industrial
Goods production: 2 6 million barrels of crude oil, coal 1 0 million tons, total capacity 2 7 8
0 0 more than one billion degrees, steel 9.3 thousand million tons, automotive more 1 0 0 0 10000
, Than the weight of large cars. Annual production capacity of sulfuric acid nearly 4,000 million tons, cement 6
0 0 0 million tons of paper and paperboard production 6,000 million tons. U.S. industrial sub -
Cloth can be broadly divided into three areas: First, the Northeast Industrial Park, located in West Caramel
River than east of the Ohio River and north of the Potomac River. Area in the National Economic
Dominant relief. Mainly in the processing industry, the metallurgy, machinery manufacture,
Chemical, textile and other industrial sectors. Second, the southern industrial zone, to the mining industry for
Lord, the processing industry has been the development of various sectors, including petroleum, chemical, shipbuilding
, The military industry in the country dominated the economy. Third, the western industrial zone
, Comparison of a single industrial sector, aviation rockets, electronics, atomic industry
Such as rapid development. The western mountain area for the mineral.
The United States, mainly for large-scale agricultural farming, agriculture is highly developed,
High degree of mechanization, animal husbandry and farming are mainly two major industry, livestock
Animal husbandry, mainly in cattle, pig and poultry followed, there are about 100 million cattle long,
5 0 0 O pig more than 10,000. Crops to corn, wheat, soybean, cotton
Important, followed by tobacco, potatoes, oats, rice, citrus, sweet
Dishes, the world's total grain output of about l / 5, Agricultural Products
Foreign exchange earnings and foreign exchange earnings for the United States and one of the largest. Wheat, corn
And soybean production, such as Nagai world.
The United States is the world's largest import and export trade, mainly foreign trade
Helenians for Canada, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Mexico and so on, mainly
I chemical products, machinery, vehicles, aircraft, computer, weapons, etc.
. Also a large number of dumping soybeans, wheat, cereals, cotton, and other. A major importer of gas
Vehicles, electronic equipment, machinery, steel, textiles and natural rubber, platinum
, Tin, chromium, manganese, antimony, nickel, zinc, copper, aluminum, lead, tungsten, oil, etc.
.
United States rail-based freight transport, railway length 3 18000
More than 1000 meters, which electrified railway 3,090 km. Connecting the Atlantic and
Major cities along the Pacific coast, cross-country as the main trunk railway. Rail
Road freight transport volume accounted for about 2 / 5. National Inland Navigation mileage
For 41,000 more km. The freight domestic shipping total cargo
1 5%, and the Great Lakes in height, about 3% of domestic water, the
It is mainly for the Mississippi River waterway, such as Erie Canal. Since the 2 0 century
Years, the pipeline has become an important means of transport, major transport oil, natural gas
, Over the last decade is also the transport of coal, pipeline transportation of cargo or about the country's 1
/ 5. The United States to road-based passenger, passenger traffic accounted for 4 / 5
Above, there are the road about 6 3 0 million meters to the south of the Great Lakes area
And the most densely populated Atlantic coast, large areas of the western road less. Air to
Passenger-oriented, there are air-line links the major cities of the country. Developed sea, there are
1 0 0 0 tonnage ocean-going merchant ships over the past eight hundred vessels, of 2,400 million
Weight tons. 2 7 0 tanker more than a total of 1.6 thousand million total dwt.
For the Atlantic coast of the main harbor of New York, Norfolk, Baltimore, wave
Atlanta, Boston, Philadelphia, Jacksonville, the new Gulf Coast
Orleans, Houston, Port Arthur, the Pacific coast of San Francisco
(San Francisco), Los Angeles, Seattle and so on.